What is Malware?

It is software designed to damage computer systems silently, the cost can be daunting (the record being $38 billion in damages).

Malware Definition

The word malware comes from the combination of the words “malicious” and “software.” In fact, the Latin root word “mal” means bad or evil.

It is software designed to damage or destroy computer systems, without your knowledge. The results can be crippling for an organization.

The most expensive malware infection to date was the MyDoom worm of 2004 which totalled over $38 billion in damages. 

Malware capabilities are varied but the goal is almost always the same: to give a malicious attacker remote control over an infected machine.

Malware removal applications and tools exist to counter these vicious attacks, keeping your personal data and computer safe. However, security measures need to be established in order to stop these attacks in the first place.  

There are different malware types floating around. The different types of malware threats include:

• Viruses: which work on their own spreading to other programs
• Worms: which are able to self-replicate and spread independently
• Trojan horses: which are disguised as authentic programs trying to break into a system
• and many more which are discussed below. 

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Types of Malware Attacks

Attackers use advanced and sophisticated methods where different malware attacks are used. Here is the list of the main types of malware available today (2021):

Adware

An adware attack is what it sounds like – software connected to advertisements. Adware has programs designed to display adverts on your smartphone and computer. It redirects your search requests to ad sites and collects data about you. 

Once this data is collected, the adware then delivers custom adverts to you. Adware usually comes bundled with other malicious files and programs that have been downloaded. It is not always harmful but has the potential to be. 

Adware examples include pop-ups and toolbars installed in your browser and changes made to your homepage and default search engines often occur with adware. Adware often slows down your computer’s performance on a massive scale and can crash the whole system.

Malicious adware hijacks your browser and redirects you to harmful and unsafe websites. Some adware even contains trojan viruses and spyware that are designed for installation in a way that you are not even aware of when it occurs.  

Usually, there is no uninstall option for adware, which means they’re hard to remove. Adware can be so sophisticated at times that certain antivirus solutions aren’t always able to determine whether a certain adware program is, or isn’t a threat.  

The good news is that there are a multitude of ways of limiting the exposure of your computer or smartphone to adware. Be sure when downloading files and programs that they come from a reputable source and website.

Also, make sure that when you install a program to read through the entire terms and service agreement to see if adware is mentioned that you may not be aware of. Pop-up blockers also limit your exposure to adware.

Due to the fact that there is such malicious adware out there, the best way to protect your private information, computers, system, and mobile devices is with online cloud security and Firewall as a Service which unifies traffic inspection and infiltration prevention for all your organization’s resources.

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Botnets

A bot infects a computer through malware. Botnet stands for “robot network,” and is a collection or network of computers that are all infected by malware, and are all simultaneously under the control of the “bot-herder.” The bot-herder is a single attacking party.

Every computer that the bot-herder controls is referred to as a bot. The bot-herder is able to send commands to each machine on its botnet, from one central location, to do certain criminal actions, all at the same time.

This allows for large-scale criminal actions and due to the fact that botnets are all under the control of a remote attacker, all the computers that have been infected are able to get updates and change their behavior automatically.

Because of this, bot-herders can often rent access to parts of their botnet on the black market, usually through the dark web, for a significant amount of money. 

Botnet malware include email spam, DDoS attacks, financial breaches, and targeted intrusions.

Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of people’s computers, devices, and smartphones to mine cryptocurrencies. It’s malware that typically uses only a small part of your device’s resources. Therefore cryptojacking can occur for a long period of time before you notice it.

There are two main ways that attackers are able to do this depending on the design of the malware.

The first way is to send a link through email or text message to someone, and once that link is clicked, a crypto mining script is downloaded. It then runs in the background and mines crypto for the attacker using your CPU or GPU and sends it back to the attacker’s address which they control. 

The second way is via web-based cryptojacking where the attacker will inject scripts into sites that they’ve exploited or through cleverly disguised ads.

Once you visit these exploited sites, the script then executes straight away without being downloaded onto the computer or smartphone.  

This method is less aggressive as cryptojacking only occurs when you have entered the compromised site. Coins that are exposed include Bitcoin, Litecoin, and especially Monero (XMR), as it is untraceable.

Malvertising

Malvertising is an online ad trying to spread malware on your computer, device, or smartphone. These come in the form of pop-up ads and banners that redirect you to certain links that, when clicked upon, will spread on your computer. 

Malvertising statistics are alarming. In 2020, the number of malware detections were nearly 678 million infected programs and growing. 

Malvertising adds an added security risk, as they can cause damage simply by viewing a website where they pop up.

Online publishers sell advertisements through ad networks and exchanges. Advertisers then bid on these ad spaces so that they can place their adverts on the publisher’s web page.

Using a security flaw in Adobe Flash, the program that displays ads, attackers are able to utilize ad networks to put infected ads on a publisher’s website. These ads can automatically infect your system without the need to click on them.

Due to these security risks, many major publishers have stopped using Adobe Flash and instead, have adopted the HTML5 framework.

Even Adobe launched an HTML5 web animation tool, as they saw the rise in malvertising and even asked their users to proceed with caution with regards to the usage of Adobe Flash.

Polymorphic Malware

Polymorphic malware changes itself each time it is downloaded. Therefore the same malicious link can contain different files, each containing malicious code.

The attack codes remain the same, but everything around it changes and morphs itself many times over, hence the name polymorphic malware. It is essentially different types of malicious software all causing the same harm.

The main reason polymorphism is used is to avoid being detected by security solutions, such as antivirus software. In fact, 97% of malware infections use polymorphic techniques.

Certain polymorphic malware that had made the headlines include the Storm Worm email, sent in 2007, which gave rise to 8% of the total global malware infections, as well as CryptoWall ransomware, where the polymorphic builder used inside develops a new variant for each potential victim. 

Antiviruses, firewalls, and IPS are not effective against polymorphic malware, hence its rise over the years.

The best security solutions are to keep your software up to date, prevent yourself from clicking on suspicious links and attachments, use strong passwords and changing them on a regular basis, and using two-factor authentication methods for everything.

Ransomware

Ransomware is a very frightening form of malware where billions of dollars have been compromised, and in fact, the largest ransomware payout in 2021 was $40 million from an insurance company.

So, what exactly is ransomware? Ransomware is a malicious software program created to block complete access to a computer system until a ransom is paid. In other words, your data and computer are held prisoner until payment occurs. 

Ransomware is by no means a new form of malware attack and was first invented in 1989 by Joseph L. Popp, an evolutionary biologist.

It was known as the AIDS Trojan, also referred to as the PC Cyborg. Ransomware attacks are so popular these days that it is estimated by experts that one attack will occur every 11 seconds during 2021.

Even though ransomware attacks are often targeted towards large corporations, ensuring better criminal payouts, there are effects of malware on everyday people as they, for example, affect schools and delay chemotherapy treatment.

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Remote Administration Tools (RATs)

A RAT stands for “remote administration tool,” and is malicious software that people can use to control a technical device from afar. Examples of RAT technology include; TeamViewer, BlackShades, CyberGate, and NanoCore.

RATs allow the user to gain access to your system, in the same way as if they had physical access to the device you have. Through this access, the user can look through your files, use your camera, and even have the ability to switch your device both off and on. 

RATs can also be manipulated legally if you have a problem on your computer and need help to fix the problem from a tech person or your IT department.

However, where RATs become damaging, is where they are used for malicious intent. RATs are often downloaded without your knowledge, and present malware threats where private data can be stolen, your keyboard can become blocked, or other malware can be installed, creating a situation where your device becomes useless. 

A scary fact is that you can even be spied on through your camera – that is why you should always stick a piece of thick masking tape over your camera, and only remove it when necessary.

Rootkits

Rootkits are designed to remain hidden on your technical device. They are a collection of malicious software that enables access to a technical device to an unauthorized user, in other words, the hacker trying to break into your system. They often mask themselves as the existence of alternative software.

The way a rootkit works is by executing code on your system without your knowledge or consent. 

It can be a component bundled with malware which will hide the malicious process’ existence from monitoring tools.

Rootkits can steal passwords, and even push YouTube clicks as was discovered in the Scranos rootkit malware of 2019. This rootkit malware stole account payment methods stored in people’s browsers as well. 

In addition to the damage they cause, rootkits are able to deactivate antivirus and anti-malware software, hurt user-mode apps, spy on user behavior and launch DDoS attacks.

System configurations can also be manipulated through rootkits, where attackers are able to change the open TCP ports that lie within firewalls, as well as alter system startup scripts.

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Spyware

Spyware is malware installed on your computer without your knowledge. It steals your personal details, internet usage information, and passes it on to data firms, as well external users. Any software downloaded without your knowledge can be deemed as “spyware.” Spyware examples include keyloggers, rootkits, and browser hijackers. 

One of the main goals of spyware is to gain access to credit card details, banking information, as well as personal passwords. It is even able to track your location, as is the case with Stalkerware. 

This intrusive spyware is often installed without the user’s knowledge on their mobile devices and tracks their physical location, intercepts texts as well as emails, eavesdrops on personal phone calls, and can even record conversations. It can also access personal information like photos and videos.

Spyware often reduces the speed of both processor and network connection speeds and can affect data usage and battery life on a smartphone. Anti-spyware tools such as Adaware and Norton are best used to both remove and prevent spyware.

Trojans Malware

Named after the Trojan Horse which was an enormous wooden horse the Greeks used during the Trojan War in order to get into the city of Troy and claim victory in the war, trojan malware works in the following way: a hacker will send an email containing a malicious program that will need to be downloaded. 

Once the download is clicked, malware is transferred to the victim’s device through the program. Then the malicious code can carry out any task that the hacker intends. Once trojan malware is transferred and activated, it can negatively impact performance and put the victim at risk in a number of ways.

Trojans are able to give hackers backdoor control over your device, the ability to record keystrokes or steal sensitive user data, download a virus or worm, encrypt user data and extort money for the key, activate a device’s camera and recording capabilities, and turn the PC into a zombie computer so that it can carry out fraud or illegal actions.

Law enforcement uses this malware at times to legally obtain data that will help in criminal investigations. 

It’s hard to notice Trojan horses on a device but the usual suspects are:

• Excessive pop-ups
• Loss of keyboard and mouse control
• Unexpected changes to the computer’s desktop, resolution, color and orientation

Virus Malware

A virus is a type of malware that is disguised in the form of a program, causing damage by gaining access to your PC or device. It is able to copy personal data, slow down a device, and cause loss of applications and documents. It spreads in the form of duplication and attaches itself to other files, similar to the spread of a virus within the body.

Viruses tend to be smaller pieces of code in relation to other types of malware that can fuse with other programs or files and only replicate when conditions are right.

Therefore, they can be triggered by a specific date or time, opening a certain program, or even hitting a certain amount of disk usage. 

Once a virus is triggered, it copies itself and spreads and causes infections to a plethora of files and programs in its path, as well as over a network at times.

The copies of the virus are sometimes altered from the original, making it a tough job for antivirus software to eliminate them at times, and some come encrypted, as antivirus software protects against viruses and other forms of malware. 

Worm Malware

Worms find their way on devices through software vulnerabilities, as well as attachments in spam emails or even IMs (instant messages).

When these attachments are opened, they direct the user to a website that is malicious in nature. Even worse, is that these dummy sites look identical to the real ones, making it that more confusing for the unsuspecting user. 

When a worm infects a new system, the first thing it does is look for more systems to infect, usually by exploring the infected system and its network connections.

A worm typically utilizes ordinary networking protocols to explore its local network and spreads the moment it discovers potential victims systems.

Systems running older versions or using unpatched software remain most vulnerable to the attack. That’s why it is highly recommended to fix all patches and update to the latest software versions regularly. 

Certain worms are OS-dependent and will only affect Windows, Linux ,or Apple systems.

Worm malware will continue to try and spread when a system that is infected is connected to more than a single network, or when that system connects to a new network, further spreading the infection.

Once connected to another network, the process begins again. 

A worm can quickly spread to many systems across a multiple number of different networks, especially if it exploits a widespread vulnerability.

Once detected, a worm must be removed. It’s best to avoid infection by:

• Making sure all system software and patches are up-to-date
• Disabling unneeded network protocols
• Effective cybersecurity system management

What Are the Dangers of Malware?

So, just how dangerous is malware? First and foremost your personal, private, and financial data can be compromised.

This includes credit card numbers, bank login details, passwords, and any sort of private information, including images of yourself on the computer that can be used for biometric identification purposes.

One of the major threats of malware comes in the form of ransomware, where you are unable to gain access to your computer unless you pay the ransom fees.

Of course, once you do this, the attacker can repeat the process, knowing you are a willing victim. Ransomware attacks aren’t going away anytime soon either. In fact, there were 304 million ransomware attacks in 2020. A terrifying statistic. 

Malware is extremely dangerous, as it sabotages discreet political agendas, gains access to people’s private health information, which attackers can then share, and wipe out entire bank balances with just a few keyboard strokes.

On the whole, it offers a great security challenge, for which solutions are constantly being created.

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History of Malware

18.5 million websites are infected with malware at any given time, every single week. A single website is attacked at least 44 times every day. Therefore, having top-tier malware protection is exceptionally important.

So, what are the malware facts and where did it originate? Let’s go back in time to 1949, when a computer scientist by the name of John von Neumann wrote the paper “Theory and Organization of Complicated Automata,” postulating how a computer could, in fact, reproduce itself.

Then, a few years later, several Bell Labs employees created “Core Wars.” This was a game in which programmers would release software “organisms” where there was a competition for control of the computer.

It was only 20 years later, in the ‘70s where viruses that were documented showed their “malicious faces.” Many historians refer to the “Creeper Worm” as the first virus. It could self-replicate and was written by Bob Thomas at BBN Technologies.  

However, it was only during the mid ‘80s, where the term “virus” was coined by Fred Cohen. His definition of a virus was a program capable of infecting other programs by modifying them to include a, “possibly evolved,” version of itself.

It was during the ‘80s that major viruses appeared, such as the “Elk Cloner program” which infected Apple II computers, the “Brain,” and the first widely propagating worm found its way on many computers at the time.

This worm was created by Robert Tappan Morris, Jr. who was given three years probation for this act and interestingly, is now a professor at MIT.  

Moving on to the ‘90s, the Melissa virus reached around 250,000 computers in 1999 and is just one of the malware virus examples, followed by the Love Bug. Malware has grown rapidly ever since.

How Do You Get Malware?

Malware download is very common and it infects your computer through various methods by clicking on links and adverts for example, that can quietly appear on your system or mobile phone without the slightest indications. The question remains, how does malware get on a website?

In order to get malware onto a website, hackers will upload malware in the form of disguised plugins, drive-by downloads, through backdoors, via source code manipulation, as well as malicious redirection, among other methods.

Malware spreads once it is downloaded or installed. Once it actually gains access to your computer, it will attach itself to various files and will overwrite the data. Malware travels inside of the network, and as it does this, it infects the PC it moves into, just like a virus would.

Malware Examples – 10 Famous Malware Attacks

There have been a number of malware attacks and different types of malware threats floating around each day. These 10, however, became infamous over the years.

ILOVEYOU (2000)

This worm disguised itself as a harmless love letter and was one of the most popular and common malware threats, received by the victim as an email. The ILOVEYOU worm made its mark, infecting over 45 million devices in the 2000s, and cost approximately $15 billion in damages.

This worm is seen as one of the very first examples of social engineering used in such attacks. Once executed, it was able to self-replicate by using the victim’s email.

MyDoom Worm (2004)

The MyDoom worm had huge expectations of itself, and became infamous in the process, as it tried to hit some of the biggest tech giants in the world, like Microsoft and Google. The worm spread via email using subjects such as “Mail Delivery System,” “Error,” and “Test.”

MyDoom allowed for DDoS attacks and remote control access. Millions of dollars were lost due to this worm.

Zeus Trojan (2004)

Zeus, named after the Greek god of the sky, and chief Greek deity, is trojan malware spread through malicious files that hide in fake websites and emails, typically as a result of a phishing attack. The Zeus Trojan copied keystrokes and stole private credentials and passwords of email accounts, as well as bank accounts.

Huge companies like Amazon, Cisco, and even Bank of America were all attacked by the virus, and the total financial damage of it and its variants cost over $100 million.

Stuxnet Worm (2010)

The Stuxnet worm created in 2010 was used in a political attack on the nuclear program of Iran and exploited many Windows zero-day vulnerabilities. This exceptionally sophisticated worm can infect devices through USB drives, meaning an Internet connection is not necessary for infection. 

Once it is installed, it then takes control of the system. Many believe that its creation came from the orders of a certain government.

CryptoLocker Ransomware (2013)

The CryptoLocker ransomware made its mark in history, specifically because it used such an exceptionally large encryption key, which made it very difficult to decrypt. Unfortunately, it has infected over 200K Windows systems and caused damage of over $3 million. It was spread through emails containing malicious files disguised as PDF files.

Petya Ransomware (2016)

This is a frustrating malware, as Petya blocks Windows OS, with release only through payment of a ransom. This is a serious ransomware with variants to the original that have caused $10 billion in damages since its creation. It has affected oil and shipping companies, banks, and airports, among other industries in the world.

WannaCry Ransomware (2017)

WannaCry is one of the most infamous of all ransomware attacks. It introduced itself to victims through phishing emails and exploited a vulnerability in Windows. This ransomware has affected universities, hospitals, and large, well-known, companies like Renault, Telefonica, Nissan, and FedEx. In total, victims have lost over $4 billion.

Emotet Trojan (2018)

The United States Department of Homeland Security called Emotet a trojan malware of exceptional danger and destruction. This is because it stole so much financial data from victims, like login details for banks, as well as cryptocurrencies.

Emotet has spread itself through malicious emails as spam and phishing campaigns. It caused $2 million worth of damages to Consorcio, a Chilean bank, and losses of $1 million to the city of Allentown, Pennsylvania.

LockerGoga Ransomware (2019)

LockerGoga is ransomware that spreads through malicious emails and phishing scams. It also steals victims’ credentials and blocks access to systems. 

It has infected huge companies like Hydro and Altran Technologies and has caused a tremendous amount of financial damage, in the millions, in both advanced and targeted attacks.

CovidLock Ransomware (2020)

It was obvious that out of the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020, malicious software would arise, especially since the world shifted mainly to online purchases and attackers could easily exploit these vulnerabilities. CovidLock, so aptly named, is ransomware that infects via malicious files promising to offer more information about the Coronavirus.

Once installed, it is then able to encrypt data from Android devices and denies data access to those who have fallen victim to it. The ransom fee is $100 per device, in order for access to be regained.

And there you have it, 10 powerful and costly malware examples that will help you learn about malware. Having more information on malware and its types helps prepare organizations with precautionary measures against potential attacks. 

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What Are Some Examples of Malicious Code?

Malicious software costs businesses and organizations $2 million in total expenses up from an average of $761,000 in 2020. Malware consists of malicious code intent on causing harm. A malicious attack comes in the form of different classes of malicious software. 

These classes of malicious software include viruses, worms, and trojan horses as discussed above. However, malicious code is slightly different as it includes website scripts able to exploit vulnerabilities, so that it can upload malware. 

It’s an app that is able to activate itself and comes in the form of Java Applets, plug-ins, ActiveX controls, pushed content, and languages (scripting or programming) created to enhance email, as well as web pages.

What Can Malicious Code Do?

It’s an app that is able to activate itself and comes in the form of Java Applets, plug-ins, ActiveX controls, pushed content, and languages (scripting or programming) created to enhance email, as well as web pages.

How Can You Avoid Downloading Malicious Code?

You can avoid downloading malicious files and malicious code by connecting to a secured Cloud VPN as a malware protection service that protects you from cybersecurity malicious code whether you are an IT manager or small business owner looking to add extra security measures to your organization.

Avoid clicking on pop-ups and links that look suspicious. Even though, according to entrepreneur Gary Vaynerchuk, the need for convenience and speed surpasses privacy, stop, take a moment, and look at what you’re actually clicking on. It could save you millions in the process.

Malware Detection

How To Identify Known Malware

If there is harmful or unwanted software detected such as viruses, worms, and trojan horses, your computer has been infected with malware.

The following will occur: corrupt folders and files, your computer is freezing, or you get strange pop-up messages. The following goes into more detail about warning signs of malware on your device.

10 Warning Signs of Malware on Your Computer

There are certain signs that malware has found its way onto your computer. This is what you need to look out for:

1. Your Browser Homepage Changed By Itself

Malware has possibly found its way onto your system and an easy way to spot this is through homepage abnormalities. Perhaps there is unusual behavior or you have a new toolbar, or possibly get redirected to a strange web address than the one you have accessed. This can happen in the blink of an eye once you’ve clicked on a malicious link on a website or pop-up window, and malware then gets downloaded and installed on your PC. 

2. Pop-Up Messages Occur

Many fake pop-up messages may occur from “Microsoft” or “antivirus” companies that aren’t from the well-known and trusted companies at all, but rather a malicious code waiting for you to click on it so it can unleash harm and wreak havoc on your system

3. Unfamiliar Icons Appear On Your Desktop

If you are bombarded with new and unfamiliar icons on your device, there is a great chance they were downloaded without notice. These are called PUPs which stand for “Potentially Unwanted Programs,” and can cause a lot of damage to your system.

4. Unusual Error Messages

You may notice error messages indicating missing or corrupt file folders which let you know that your system has been tampered with, affecting performance. This is an indication that malware has indeed, infected your system.

5. Suspicious Shortcut Files Appear

When you notice shortcut files that weren’t there before, be aware that you may have malware installed on your computer, especially if you cannot access these files and notice they contain important data such as documents and private images.

6. Your System Keeps Crashing

If you find that your system keeps freezing or crashing, it is a big sign that it is infected with malware. An effective anti-malware program must be used as soon as possible to remediate the problem.

7. Increased Traffic

Suspiciously high Internet traffic and network activity are signs that your computer has been hit by some form of malware. Abnormalities can also occur in Google Analytics, drastically skewing your data. It is therefore recommended to set up exclusion filters to wean out the fishy websites from your data traffic.

8. Control Panel Problems

You may have downloaded malware onto your system if you cannot access your control panel. Should this happen, run a full scan of your computer and see if any viruses or malware is detected.

9. Slowed-Down Computer

It doesn’t matter how fast the internal processor of your computer is, if you have malware it will slow down its performance and could crash your system while you are working. Older computers should be updated routinely and firewalls should be administered by IT to safeguard against suspicious websites.

10. Unsent “Sent” Messages to Friends

If you receive messages from colleagues, friends, and family on social media networks like Facebook saying they received messages from you (usually accompanied with links) and you didn’t actually send them, malware has found its way onto your system and hacked into your private account data. Never open any suspicious looking link sent from a friend as it could be a malicious bot waiting on the other side.

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Malware Detection in Network Security

Malware infects one victim at a time, however, there are cases of large malware in cyber crime where malicious code in computer security over network security is inserted and then spreads throughout an organization. 

Often, this is controlled by a sophisticated hacker who uses a botnet to infect the whole network at once. The “bot-herder” can create a lot of large-scale damage this way, applying many types of malicious software in network security.

What is Malware Detection Software?

Malware detection software applies to malware tools that are able to scan systems to detect any sort of malware infiltration and “fight” them by erasing them off your PC. You should connect to a trusted software vendor, especially if working remotely in “unguarded” territories.

How to Get Rid of Malware

The best malware protection can help you prevent malware and other malicious attacks from occurring. Adding the extra layer of security can mean the world of difference in the ongoing battle of how to remove malware. If you suspect that you have been hit with some form of malware, this is what you should do. 

First off, disconnect from the Internet. Then, enter safe mode, and check your activity monitor for any sort of malicious apps. Once that is done, run a malware scanner, then verify the homepage of your browser (on a Mac) or fix your web browser (on a PC), and finally, clear your cache.

Anti Malware Software

Anti-malware software provides defense against attacks and can execute an anti-malware website scan to check the health of your website or applications. Anti malware software examples include Perimeter 81 Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) which helps IT and security teams modify their network security strategies.  

Anti-malware is very important to have on your system whether working in an office or remotely, so that your files, programs and sensitive data are continuously kept safe from any sort of malicious attack.

How Perimeter 81 Offers Malware Protection

Every organization, regardless of size or industry, should have a malware protection plan set in place in order to protect personal data and avoid malware. 
Perimeter 81 goes the next step when it comes to malware defense by enforcing a strict

Zero Trust security framework on the belief that organizations should never trust and always verify. In a time where remote work has become the “new norm”, it is crucial to have malware prevention software such as a well-secured and scalable Business VPN to protect your network and employees from external threats.

Highlighting The Benefits of a Perimeter 81

Secured Remote Access: Ensure that your remote workforce is properly secured no matter where they are, from which device, and from any location. 

Multi-Layered Security Protection: A Zero Trust Software-Defined Perimeter enables encrypted traffic tunnels and gateways with the highest level of multi-factor security (SSO, 2FA) to combat unauthorized access.

Establish Central Policy Management: Enforce strict policy compliance and create custom access policies based on user, device, location to protect critical resources from malicious activity.